The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The English language may be used for all official purposes of the Union for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution or as Parliament may decide.
(1) The President shall constitute a Commission to make recommendations for progressive use of Hindi for official purposes of the Union.
(2) The President may also constitute a Committee of Parliament to report on the progress made in the use of Hindi.
The Legislature of a State may adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the State or Hindi as the official language(s) of the State.
Subject to Parliament's provisions, Hindi shall be used for communication between the Union and the States, except for States choosing to use English.
If a substantial proportion of a State's population desires, the President may direct that any language spoken by the majority of the population of that State shall be recognized for official purposes of that State.
(1) All proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts shall be in English until Parliament provides otherwise.
(2) Laws, Acts, Bills, and official notifications shall be enacted or issued in English and Hindi as provided by Parliament.
Notwithstanding anything in Articles 343–348, the President may address either House of Parliament in Hindi or any other language permitted by Parliament.
Every person shall have the right to submit petitions or representations to any officer or authority of the Union in any language used in the State or Hindi or English.
Every State shall endeavor to provide facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.
The President shall appoint a Special Officer to investigate and report on the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under the Constitution.
The Union shall promote the spread and enrichment of the Hindi language and its development as a medium of expression for all purposes of the Union.