Explore India’s most influential Supreme Court judgments that shaped our Constitution, protected fundamental rights, and redefined justice. Each case summary links to its detailed analysis.
Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala (1973)
Established the Basic Structure Doctrine, restricting Parliament from altering the Constitution’s fundamental framework.
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Golaknath vs State of Punjab (1967)
Limited Parliament’s power to amend fundamental rights, paving the way for the Kesavananda Bharati case.
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Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain (1975)
Examined electoral malpractices and reaffirmed judicial review as part of the Constitution’s basic structure.
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Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India (1978)
Expanded Article 21, ensuring that the right to life includes fairness, justice, and due process.
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Mohd. Ahmed Khan vs Shah Bano Begum (1985)
Recognized a Muslim woman’s right to maintenance under Section 125 CrPC, advancing gender equality in personal law.
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Vishaka vs State of Rajasthan (1997)
Laid down guidelines to prevent workplace sexual harassment, emphasizing women’s safety and equality.
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K.S. Puttaswamy vs Union of India (2017)
Declared the right to privacy a fundamental right under Article 21, shaping India’s data protection framework.
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Navtej Singh Johar vs Union of India (2018)
Decriminalized consensual homosexuality by reading down Section 377 IPC, upholding equality and dignity.
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Shayara Bano vs Union of India (2017)
Declared instant triple talaq unconstitutional, reinforcing women’s rights under personal law.
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M.C. Mehta vs Union of India (1986)
Introduced the principle of Absolute Liability in industrial disasters like the Oleum Gas Leak.
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Harshad Mehta Securities Scam (1992)
Uncovered massive stock market fraud, leading to key reforms in SEBI and financial regulations.
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State of Madras vs Champakam Dorairajan (1951)
Struck down caste-based reservation, leading to the First Amendment and shaping equality provisions.
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B.R. Ambedkar & Dalit Rights Cases
Landmark efforts led by Dr. Ambedkar ensured constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Castes and Dalits.
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Babri Masjid - Ayodhya Verdict (2019)
Resolved the long-standing Ayodhya dispute, granting land for the Ram Temple while upholding secular principles.
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