The President or the Governor shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise of their powers and duties as such, except in accordance with the Constitution or by law.
All laws in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue unless altered or repealed, and actions taken under the previous Constitution shall remain valid.
No discussion shall take place in Parliament regarding the conduct of the President or any Governor except upon a motion for presenting an address for removal.
All acts done by the Union or by the President or by authorities under the Union, before commencement of this Constitution, shall be valid notwithstanding any provision of the Constitution.
If a State fails to comply with directions issued by the Union under the Constitution, the President may take action as necessary to secure compliance.
This article contains the definitions of terms used in the Constitution, such as “the State”, “the Union”, “legislature”, “the financial year”, and other expressions used in various provisions.
This article provides rules for the interpretation of the Constitution, clarifying how words and expressions are to be understood in context and in the application of laws.