(1) If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or any part thereof is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, he may, by proclamation, declare that a state of emergency exists.
(2) Such proclamation shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and shall cease to operate at the expiration of two months unless approved by resolutions of both Houses.
While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, the executive power of the Union extends to giving directions to any State as to the exercise of its executive power, and Parliament may make laws on any subject notwithstanding the provisions of Article 245.
During a Proclamation of Financial Emergency, the President may issue directions to the States regarding financial matters and the Union may reduce salaries of all or any class of persons serving the State.
It is the Union’s duty to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
(1) If the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise, is satisfied that a State cannot be governed according to the Constitution, he may assume to himself all or any of the functions of the State government and declare President's rule.
(2) Such Proclamation shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and may continue for a maximum period as prescribed in the Constitution.
Parliament may make laws for the State during the operation of President's rule, and the powers of the State Legislature are vested in Parliament.
When a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation under Article 352, the rights conferred by Article 19 (freedom of speech, assembly, etc.) may be restricted by Parliament by law.
(1) During a Proclamation of Emergency, the President may by order declare that the right to move any court for the enforcement of certain Fundamental Rights shall remain suspended.
(2) Such order shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament.
(1) If the President is satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened, he may declare a Financial Emergency.
(2) During such emergency, Parliament may make laws reducing salaries and allowances of government employees, and the executive authority may issue directions to the States as necessary.